Assignment

POE
Mokgadi Mabokane
Digital citizenship
Question 1


Digital Access survey on the type and availability of access to the internet and how students would rate their level of skill in using the particular technology



link of the survey https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/CLV7PBX


link of the slides
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1izfzgNNmCZ0ytgvkbQ20ZSW_xuwjUnmy8zkkgoNDHHA/edit?usp=sharing


































Question 2

Digital Literacy and Information Fluency




Information Fluency refers to the skill that one must acquire to not only search for information hence create useful knowledge that will assist in solving problems (digital citizenship foundation,2013).Digital literacy is the ability to understand and use information in multiple formats from a wide range of sources when it is presented via computers.
The information fluency process is made up of 5As which are ask,acquire,analyse,apply and assess.

This information fluency process is also used in analyzing the ground breaking archaeological finding of evolution.





1.Ask- Correct questions must be asked in order to receive relevant information. We must ask what species the fossils belongs to, and how this new information could participate knowledge that is already acquired that relates to the species. One must ask relevant questions such as how old is the species? What species does it belong to? Is the fossils male or female?which site was it found ?can the fossil add more information to the theory of evolution?


2.Acquire-Scientist acquire by studying the fossil remains in a professional manner leading to a prediction .They study to acquire information such how old the fossil is, whether the fossil shows human-like characteristics or not and how large the fossil 's cranium (brain) was.


3.Analyse-One must decide whether the information acquired about the fossil is trustworthy and if it can be used to make assumptions about the theory of evolution.


4.Apply-One must apply the information acquired.


5.Access-One must access whether the process of analyzing the groundbreaking archaeological findings could have been carried out more efficiently.











Findings
A team of scientists lead by professor Lee Berger from Wits University ,believe they have discovered an entirely new species of human relative. This fact alone makes the discovery remarkable. The homo naked fossil was found in the rising star caves in the Cradle of humankind underground.((lifesciences,2016).The discovery of Homo naledi is an important one hence it allows humans to understand the arising of evolution.Homo naledi is smaller and much older than the average human ,with curved fingers and a small skull.

Scientists hypothetically believe that Homo naledi might have put the bodies of its dead together in the chamber, which is seen as a ritualized behaviour  unique to humans.










Reference

Clayton,J.and MacDonald's.(2013)The limits of technology ,information, communication and society ,16:6,945-966.
Dicks,Paul H.G.M.;Roberts,Eric M.;et al.(9 May 2017).""The age of Homo naledi and associated sediments in the Rising Star Cave,South Africa".elife.6:e24231.doi:10.7554/elife.24231.
Hawks,John;Elliott,Marina;et al.(9 May 2017)."Homo naledi and Pleistocene hominin evolution evolution in subequatorial Africa".elife.6.doi:10.7554/elife.24234.

Question 3

Digital communication and fluencies

Napalm's girl

Curiosity was the main thing that was demanding in my brain hence after having read about the history of the Napalm's girl  now i have come to my own subjectivity of point that indeed the picture is not innapropriate.

I believe it's not innapropriate because according to the article states that the associated press photographer took "Napalm's girl "photograph nearly 45 years ago during the Vietnam war, retired .The close of his professional career was preceded by numerous news reports recalling  photographer 's famous photo of terrified children fleeting an errant napalm  attack in June 1972 near Trang bang,a village in what the South Vietnam.

The nine year old girl was naked and badly burned therefore the image has become a timeless statement about war and its horrors, but it has also become embroidered by media driven myths.

In addition the was naked due to the protest that that was taking place.










References
1."Girl ,9,DSurvives Napalm Burns". The New York Times. June 11,1972.p.17.Retrieved 2014-08-
2."History".Kim Phuc Foundation International.Retrieved May 18,2010.
3.life sciences ,(2016).
4."Nine -year-old Phan This Kim-Phuc is recuperating in a Saigon children's hospital, the unintended victim of a misdirected napalm attack...."

Question 4

Digital Etiquettes

Article addressing issues of inappropriate behavior and consequences of technology for individuals and society.

Technology is constantly evolving and changing how we do things .There have recently become  many more means of communication .School-aged children can communicate with both people they know and strangers through communication sources that are not face to face.

This may have affected the way adolescents behave particularly those who have had new interaction methods the entirely of their lives. The concern is that this may have a detrimental effect on their interpersonal communication abilities.

Technology may have an effect on social behavior due to the online environment ,and it might be unrelated to the lack of face to face communication (Diamanduros, Downs and Jenkins,2008).People seem to be less politically correct when they are online and are not dealing directly with people (Diamanduros et al.,2008;Draa&Sydney,2009;Sabella,2007)This is likely due to the anonymity fostered by the internet  (Draa&Sydney,2009).However even when the user is not anonymous ,Internet users still seem to be more likely to express themselves in the public domain of the internet.

For example the behavior leads to when someone takes a photo of a couple kissing without them knowing:

Digital netiquette can cause such inappropriate behavior which is as  follows:

Identity theft

Identity theft is a crime in which an imposter obtains key pieces of personally identifiable information such as Social security or password to impersonate someone else.

Cyberbullying

Cyberbullying is the use of electronic communication to bully a person ,typically by sending messages of an intimidating or threatening nature.

References

Clarke.& Schocch,D.(1994).A computer -assisted game for adolescents: Initial Development and comments. Computers in Human Services,11(1-2),121-140.

Demarest.(2000).Video Games-What are they good for ?Retrieved from https://www.lessontutor.com/kd3.htm

Diamanduros et al.(2008);

Draa&Sydney.(2009).

Sabella.(2007).

Question 5

Digital bill of rights

1.Control over personal data

The big idea :personal data should in principle be the subject to the control of the individuals to whom it refers.

This would mean:

-Everyone has the right to view ,correct and delete their personal data whether it is held on a public or private computer system.

This is important because the liberal democrats believe in empowering citizens .

Personal data is defined as data which relate to a living individual who can be identified from those data and other information which is in the possession of the data controller.(Benedict 2008)

2.Control of user content

Everyone should be able to access ,edit or remove any online content which they themselves have created .

This means internet-based services should provide a means by users of the service can view ,edit ,remove content which they have posted on the service.

This is important because the liberal democrats believe in fostering creativity and empowering people to shape their own identities.

3.Limits on the use of personal data

No public body is to collect ,store or process personal data without statutory authority or explicit consent.

This means legislation ,regulations and guidance pertaining to the collection ,storage, encryption ,use, and sharing of personal data by government or its agencies must clearly set out the purpose of the activity and the rules by which it should operate.

This is important because the liberal democrats believe that authority in a democracy derives from the people.

4 A free and open internet

An open and neutral internet is essential for open government ,good democracy ,a strong economy ,connected communities and diversity of culture.

This means the Ministerial code should require government ministers to uphold the free ,open,multi-stakeholder internet in both their domestic and international dealings .

This is important because the liberal democrats believe in an open society where everyone is free to fulfil their potential.

5.Freedom of speech 

• The right to free expression applies online just as it does in the offline world.

This means the Government has the responsibility to uphold the right to free expression online ,which extends to the expression in all its forms ,including texts ,videos, audios recordings, and other forms of public communication.

This is important because the liberal democrats believe that freedom of speech is a fundamental and inalienable right.

6.Privacy

People have the same rights to privacy in their telecoms and their online lives as they do in the offline world.

This means Government has the duty to uphold the privacy of citizens in their telecommunications and in their digital lives,and to ensure that necessary frameworks are in place to protect personal data .

This is important because the liberal democrats believe that everyone has the right to respect their privacy and family life.

7.Surveillance

State surveillance of the internet must be the exception rather than the norm, and must only take place where it is clearly justified for the protection of the public and in accordance with the fundamental principles of necessity and proportionality.

This means communication service providers should not be required to collect third party communications data for non -business purpose.

This is important because the liberal democrats believe that surveillance without suspicion is alien to our values.

8.Consumer rights

Consumers have the same rights to fairness and transparency online as they do in the offline world .

This means it should continue to be an offence to acquire personal data and sell it to third parties without informed consent or legal authority.

This is important because the liberal democrats believe in a strong economy and a fair society.

9.Encryption

Strong cyber -security is the basis of a strong digital economy .

This means Government has the responsibility to uphold and facilitate the strongest security standards online and should not seek to weaken encryption or obstruct the availability of encryption technologies.

This is important because the liberal democrats believe that a strong economy needs a vibrant ,robust and secure digital sector.

10.Right to unrestricted internet access

The ability to access information on the internet is an essential right that supports the ability of citizens to be informed and engaged in public life.

This means Government has the duty to ensure by promoting effective competition ,that citizens and consumers have universal and affordable access to the internet.

This is important because the liberal democrats believe in a society  that is fair ,free and open.






References
Benedict (2008) Assessed 17 November 2011.
Digital Freedom: the case for civil liberties on the Net.BBC nEWS.1999-03-04.Retrieved 2010-05-01.
Lucchi,N."Access to Network Services and Protection of Constitutional Rights: Recognizing the Essential Role of Internet Access for Freedom of Expression",Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law(JICL),vOL.19,No.3,2011.Available at http://papers.ssrn.com/soI3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1756243
Morris,S.(2009).Spain govt to guarantee legal right to broadband". Reuters.

Question 6

Digital law

Q6.1 Digital socialization refers to the ways that people use to communicate and the methods they use to do so which are by using cellphones/smartphones and computers.

How can social media change communities and their practices and traditions?

-changes are caused by exposure to diversity

-Creativity and inspiration is unleashed

-Changes the ways of learning more from each other's practices and traditions

- Changes the increased appreciation of the Unique and handmade.

Q6.2 Ethical issues that could arise as a result of digital socialization

-freedom and accountability
-Privacy and security
-Cultural perceptions and values
-Copyright access and infringement
-Cross cultural communication
-Pornography
References








Retrieved from DIGC5110
Lexis,N.(2014).information and communications technology Law overview.[online].Available at http://www.lexisnexis.co.za/our-solution/academic /research- solutions /information-in-communication-technology-law.aspx [Assessed 22 April 2015]

Question 7

Digital security

Hazards of online activities
1.To protect our online safety we must make use of setting up privacy settings which include setting up a strong password.
2.Discourage the use of webcams and mobile video devices.
3.Don't respond to inappropriate requests
4.Set time limits and consider using time limiting software.
5.Disallow access to chat rooms and only allow live audio chat with extreme caution.
6.Set up cyber-security protections.
7.Make your profiles as private.
8.Remember that nothing is temporary online
9.Safeguard your passwords and change them frequency
10.Don't post inappropriate or sexually provocative pictures or comments.






References
1.Hill,B.(2017).Designing a highly reliable small &medium business network . [Online]Aps Technica.Available at :https://arstechnica.com/business/2010/02/...a-highly-reliable-small-medium-business-network [Assessed 4 May 2017]
2.Kerner,S.(2017).10 Network Security Steps for Every Small Business . [Online]Smallbusinesscomputing.com.Available at:http://www.smallbusinessescomputing.com/www.Network-Security-Steps-for-Every-Small-Business.htm[Accessed 4 May 2017]

Question 8

Digital health and wellbeing

https://za.pinterest.com/mabokane/

Question 9

Digital Commerce


1.B2B-BUSINESS TO BUSINESS
Business to Business is a type of transaction that exists between businesses ,such as one involving a manufacturer and wholesaler, or a wholesaler and a retailer.Business to Business refers to a business that is conducted between companies ,rather than between a company and individual consumers.
Business to Business examples
Business to Business transactions are the backbone of the automobile industry. Many vehicle components are manufactured independently and auto manufactures purchase these parts to assemble automobiles.Tires,batteries,electronics,hoses and door locks, for example , usually are manufactured by various companies and sold directly to automobile manufacturers.


2.B2C-BUSINESS TO CUSTOMER
Business to Customer is business or transaction conducted directly between a company and customers who are the end users of its products or services. The business to customer as a business as a business model differs significantly from the business to business model, which refers to commerce between two or more businesses.


3.C2C-CUSTOMER TO CUSTOMER
Customer to Customer is a business model that facilitates the transaction of products or services between customers.
An example of Customer to Customer would be the classifieds section of a newspaper ,or auction. In both of these cases, a customer, not a business, sells goods or services to another customer.
An example of C2C would be the classifieds section of a newspaper, or an auction. Some examples of C2C include eBay, an online auction site, and Amazon, which acts as both a B2B and a C2C marketplace.


4.C2B-CUSTOMER TO BUSINESS
Customer to business is the most recent e-commerce business model. In this model, individual customers offer to sell products and services to companies who are prepared to purchase them.
Examples could be a blogger, as mentioned before, a photographer offering stock images to business.




References
"Customer to Customer-C to C."investopedia.(24 Apr 2009)Assessed http://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/ctoc.asp>.
Temporal,P.(2005):B2B Branding-A Guide to Successful Business-to-Business Brands,International Enterprise Singapore.